Using Fresco 

This guide will walk you through the basic workflow for using Fresco to conduct your study.

Fresco is designed to be used in conjunction with Architect for designing interview protocols. If you haven't already, you should design your protocol in Architect before proceeding.

Basic Workflow

Using Fresco will be familiar to anyone who has used the desktop applications, with the significant advantage that now all management of protocols, participants, and data can be conducted through a web-based dashboard.

The basic workflow for using Fresco is as follows:

1. Deploy Fresco: Deploy your own instance of Fresco (more on this in the deployment guide).
2. Upload Protocols: Upload one or more Network Canvas protocols created in Architect to Fresco.
3. Add Participants: Add participants to your study, either individually or in bulk. Alternatively, use the anonymous recruitment feature to allow participants to self-enroll in the study.
4. Conduct Interviews: Share either the unique participant URL or the anonymous recruitment URL with participants to allow them to complete the interview on their own device.
5. Monitor Progress: Monitor the progress of your study using the dashboard.
6. Export Data: Export data from the interviews page, once your data collection is complete.

We will now walk through each of these steps in more detail.

Deployment

Fresco is designed to be deployed on your own server(s) and infrastructure. This is to ensure that you have full control over the data collected in your study, and to ensure that you can comply with any relevant data protection regulations or IRB requirements that you may have.

For many researchers, using our basic deployment guide to deploy to the free Vercel hobby plan will be sufficient. However, if you have specific requirements around data security, privacy, or compliance, you may need to deploy Fresco to your own server, or to specialist services.

If you are unable to deploy Fresco yourself, your university may be able to host a compliant version of Fresco for you. Please contact your IT department or research support office for more information, and refer them to our advanced deployment guide for more information on the requirements for hosting Fresco.

Uploading Protocols

Once you have deployed Fresco and have access to your dashboard, we can begin by uploading one or more protocols for your study.

In Fresco you can upload as many protocols as you would like (within the resource limits of your hosting). This allows you to have multiple protocols for different studies, or to have multiple versions of the same protocol for different groups of participants.

However, we recommend not hosting different studies on the same instance of Fresco, as this can lead to confusion and potential data leakage. If you are conducting multiple studies, our suggestion is that you deploy a separate instance of Fresco for each study.

To upload a protocol

1. Navigate to the protocols page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "upload protocol" button.
3. Select the .netcanvas file that you exported from Architect.
4. Click "upload".

Your protocol will then be validated and uploaded to Fresco. If it contains any assets (images, audio, video, or network files) these will be uploaded to the UploadThing service and linked to your protocol.

Once the process is finished, you will see your protocol listed on the protocols page. You can click on the protocol to view its details, and to see the unique URL that you will share with participants to conduct interviews.

Participants

In order to conduct your study, you will need to decide on a recruitment strategy and to define who is allowed to participate. Fresco supports two approaches:

1. Adding known participants, either individually or in bulk.
2. Allowing participants to self-enroll anonymously.

These approaches are not mutually exclusive, and can be used in combination. For example, you could have an initial "wave" of known participants which you add to Fresco manually, and then ask those participants to share the anonymous recruitment URL with anyone else they think might be interested in participating.

Which approach you choose will depend on the specifics of your study, and the resources you have available for recruitment.

Regardless of the approach, all participants in Fresco are defined by their 'participant identifier' and an optional label. In the case of known participants, the participant identifier can be provided by the researcher (which is useful for linking responses to external data sources), or can be generated by Fresco at random. If anonymous recruitment is enabled, participants will be assigned a random identifier when they begin an interview.

Participant labels are an optional attribute that can be used to provide a human-readable label for the participant. This field is not exposed to participants, and can be used to store a name or an internal project label for the participant.

Adding participants manually

The simplest method to add one or more "known participants" is manually via the dashboard. This approach is useful when you have a small number of participants.

To add a participant manually:

1. Navigate to the participants page in the dashboard.

   

2. Click the "Add Single Participant" button.

   

3. Enter a participant identifier, or click the 'generate' button to have one generated for you at random.
4. Optionally, enter a participant label.
5. Click "Submit".

Your participant will immediately appear in the participants list.

Adding participants in bulk via CSV import

Adding participants in bulk is useful when you have a large number of participants to add to the study. This can be done by uploading a CSV file containing the participant data.

Once you have created your CSV file, you can upload it to Fresco as follows:

1. Navigate to the participants page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "import participants" button.

   

3. Upload your CSV file.
4. Click "Submit".

Your participants will immediately appear in the participants list.

Anonymous Recruitment

Anonymous recruitment mode allows participants to self-enroll in the study using a unique URL. This URL can be generated for each protocol, and shared with participants. When the participant visits the URL, they will be assigned a random participant identifier and will be able to complete an interview. This method is useful when you do not have a list of known participants, or when you want to allow participants to share the study with others.

Enabling Anonymous Recruitment

1. Navigate to the settings page in the dashboard.
2. Toggle the "Anonymous Recruitment" switch.

Once enabled, a warning message will be visible on the main dashboard page to remind you that anonymous recruitment is active.

Conducting Interviews

Once you have uploaded your protocol and optionally added participants to the study, you can begin conducting interviews.

In Fresco, interviews are conducted by participants on their own devices. Participants can begin an interview by following a URL that you provide them.

Unique Participant URLs

Participant URLs are unique URLs that can be generated for each participant per protocol, and shared with the participant to allow them to complete an interview. These URLs will take the participant directly to the interview for the specified protocol, and will link their responses to their participant identifier.

To share unique participant URLs with participants, you can either copy each URL individually, or export a CSV file containing all the URLs for a given protocol.

Manually Copying a Unique Participant URL

1. Navigate to the participants page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "Copy Unique URL" button for the participant you wish to generate a URL for.
3. Select the protocol you wish to conduct the interview for from the dropdown.
4. The URL will be copied to your clipboard. You can now share this URL with the participant.

Exporting a CSV of Unique Participant URLs

1. Navigate to the participants page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "Export Participation URLs" button.
3. Select the protocol you wish to generate URLs for from the dropdown.
4. Optionally, select the participants you wish to generate URLs for. This option defaults to all participants.
5. Click the "Export Participation URLs" button.

The CSV file will contain a row for each participant, with columns for the participant identifier, participant label, and the unique URL for the specified protocol. You can use this file to distribute the URLs to participants via email, SMS, or other methods.

Anonymous Recruitment URLs

If Anonymous Recruitment is enabled, participants can self-enroll in the study using an Anonymous Recruitment URL. This URL is not unique to the participant. The same URL can be shared with multiple participants to allow them to complete an interview without needing to be added to the study manually.

To generate an anonymous recruitment URL:

1. Navigate to the protocols page in the dashboard.
2. Click on the "Anonymous Participation URL" for the protocol you wish to recruit participants for.
3. The URL will be copied to your clipboard, and will be in the following format:

https://yourstudy.com/onboard/{protocolUniqueID}

You can now share this URL with participants to allow them to self-enroll in the study.

Limit Interviews

It may be desirable to limit the number of interviews that a participant can complete for a given protocol. For this reason, Fresco includes this as an option that can be enabled on the settings page.

If this option is enabled, each participant will only be able to submit a single completed interview for each protocol (although they may have multiple incomplete interviews). Once an interview has been completed, attempting to start a new interview or to resume any other in-progress interview, will be prevented. This applies to both unique participant URLs and anonymous recruitment URLs.

To enable this feature:

1. Navigate to the settings page in the dashboard.
2. Toggle the "Limit Interviews" switch to on.

Monitoring Progress

Once you have sent out URLs to participants and they begin to complete interviews, you can monitor the progress of those interviews using the interviews page in the dashboard, as well as the main dashboard activity feed.

The interviews page provides an overview of all interviews in the study, including the participant identifier, protocol name, start date, last updated date, and interview progress. From this page you can also export data from the interviews.

The dashboard activity feed also provides a way to monitor the progress of your study, and summarizes the most recent activity within Fresco. This includes installed protocols, added participants, started and completed interviews, and exported data.

Generate a CSV of Incomplete URLs

You can generate a CSV file of incomplete interview URLs in bulk for multiple participants by protocol. This can be useful for sending reminders to participants who have not yet completed their interview.

1. Navigate to the interviews page in the dashboard.
2. Click on the "Export Incomplete URLs" button.
3. Select the protocol you wish to generate URLs for from the dropdown.
4. Click the "Export Incomplete URLs" button.

Exporting Data

Once interviews have been completed, you can export the data from the interviews page for analysis in your preferred external software. You can also view the export status of each interview from this page.

To export selected interviews:

1. Navigate to the interviews page in the dashboard.
2. Select the checkboxes next to the interviews you wish to export.
3. Click the "export selected" button at the bottom of the table.
4. Confirm the file types and export options that you wish to use.
5. Click "Start export process".

To export all interviews:

1. Navigate to the "interviews" page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "Export Interview Data" button.
3. Select "Export all interviews" from the dropdown.
4. Confirm the file types and export options that you wish to use.
5. Click "Start export process".

To export all unexported interviews:

1. Navigate to the "interviews" page in the dashboard.
2. Click the "Export Interview Data" button.
3. Select "Export all unexported interviews" from the dropdown.
4. Confirm the file types and export options that you wish to use.
5. Click "Start export process".

File types

You will be prompted to choose file types for the export. The file types are identical to those found in Interviewer. The two options are:

• CSV. A common format for representing network data. This format is readable as a table (or series of tables) in Excel, LibreOffice, Keynote, and other tabular programs. The CSV version also complies with the egor package standard. Selecting this option will output multiple files, including node and edge lists for each type, and an ego attribute list that also includes session metadata:
  • Ego attribute list: This file will have one row per ego, with ego-level variables session metadata. The filename will be in the format caseID_sessionUUID_ego.csv.
  • Alter attribute list: This file will have one row per alter (i.e. per nominated node). All alters have their own unique ID, as well as an automatically incrementing ID that is only consistent on a per-export basis. The filename will be in the format caseID_sessionUUID_alterType.csv.
  • Edge attribute list: This will have one row per relationship, with columns representing edge attributes. Each row will have a key to link to ego (networkCanvasEgoUUID), as well as source and target columns that reference both the UUID and the automatically incrementing export ID. The filename will be in the format caseID_sessionUUID_edgeType.csv.
• GraphML. An XML based open standard for representing graph data, that is compatible with many social network analysis programs including UCINET, Gephi, NodeXL, Pajek, Visone, and ORA. The filename will be in the format caseID_sessionUUID.graphml.

Which file type you should choose depends largely on the needs of your analysis tools. We recommend exporting data in both formats, and experimenting with the data you receive to ensure that it needs your needs.

Export Options

You may configure a variety of specialized export options that will impact the data you receive in a variety of ways. These options can be left at their default values unless you know that you need to change them.

Use screen layout coordinates

Position data from layout variables used on the Sociogram interface in Interviewer is stored on nodes as normalized x/y coordinates, with the origin in the top left of the screen. This allows you to later visualize these layouts on a canvas of arbitrary size, and to compare layouts that were created on screens with different proportions.